The impacts of demographic transition on embodied energy consumption and typology of residential buildings: the case study of Tehran’s Region 5

Changes in the structural characteristics of population, such as age structure, household size, and number households indicate shifts population moving from younger towards older populations result reduction size. Former extended families have turned into a nuclear even one-person household. Shifts status, both composition, size lead to formation new housing typology. It can affect type, number, floor area ​​residential units well amount embodied energy used wet zones (kitchen, bathroom, toilet), which are fixed, inflexible costly areas residential unit. This study attempts investigate effect demographic transition on typology consumption zones. The research is based case study: first, changes were examined by referring data published statistics Center Iran. Then field survey buildings was started, identify floors, units. interviews with 15 developers be conducted significant common plan area. then assess compare their ratios dry In next step, materials each zone calculated. analysis reports Iran showed an older, decrease change study. interview 831 land plots indicated three periods between 1987 2018. During period, plot land, more fewer built increased.